Anolis carolinensis in South Georgia

Anolis carolinensis, 15 September 2011. Residential Valdosta, Georgia

After living much of my life in the anole-saturated forests and neighborhoods of central Florida, somewhere beneath the Spanish Moss, I lived and worked in Anchorage, Alaska for four years. Other than the occasional wood frog, Rana sylvatica, my interactions with reptiles and amphibians were, of course, somewhat diminished… (Plenty of moose, though. Oh yes, plenty of moose. And dogs. Lots and lots of dogs.)

Anolis carolinensis, 02 August 2011. Residential Valdosta, Georgia.

This past summer I returned to the American southeast with my family — specifically to Valdosta, Georgia. Since returning, I’ve been struck by the density of Carolina green anoles and the lack of Cuban brown anoles, Anolis sagrei. In central Florida A. sagrei is ubiquitous these days. It’s hard to find a yard where they don’t dominate the trunk-ground area. In Valdosta, however, I have yet to positively identify a single Anolis sagrei (I’ve been told by locals they are here, but in isolated pockets). My little corner of south Georgia seems to be A. carolinensis territory in most every way, every day.

Indeed, I am seeing a strong and robust number of Carolina greens hanging out low to the ground, not just in the trunks and trunk-crowns. They’re on the bushes, they’re on the screens, they’re on the grass, and they’re even on the sidewalks and driveways. Low-riders, I call them — the Carolina greens riding the ground-level, juveniles and adults.

In a way, moving to Valdosta, Georgia feels a bit like time travel. It feels like central Florida circa the mid-1980s, minus the NASCAR fetish, back when I was a hairy little rugrat chasing green anoles through my Volusia county backyard while jamming Devo on my twelve-pound Sony cassette walkman. I’d nearly forgotten what Carolina greens are like without the presence of Cuban brown anoles and scattered Star Wars action figures in the grass… but what’s been most startling is the number of green anoles I’ve seen low-riding — basking on pavement, hanging out on concrete, scampering around fallen pine needles and leaves. Given their trunk-crown ecomorphology and the dominance of Cuban brown anoles in Florida, I wasn’t prepared to see so many Carolina greens surfing the ground. Is it a seasonal climate (heat) pattern? Not sure. Time will tell and I’ll keep watching.

It’s unlikely I’ll try to get these green anoles to bite my earlobes and wear them as jewelry like I did circa 1982 (the shame!), but I am enjoying this relative sense of time-travel. I also wonder when A. sagrei will make it up here in force — and push these greens back up into the trunk-crown, if ever.

~ janson

Anolis carolinensis, 31 August 2011. Grand Bay WMA; Valdosta, Georgia

Anole Annals Reaching A Wide Audience

For example, we’re proud to be the first “related link” on this post.

The Evolution of Female Pattern Polymorphism

In many species of anoles, females vary in their back patterning, some gaudily adorned with saddles, diamonds, or crosses, others sporting simple lines and speckles, some sad lasses with no markings at all. Although such female pattern polymorphism has long been noted and its adaptive significance studied (for example, here), no one has compiled a list of which species exhibit it and which don’t, much less examined patterns of FPP evolution.

Until now. In a very nice paper, Paemelaere et al. have surveyed the literature and recorded the presence or absence of of FPP in 179 anole species. They find a wide variety of interesting findings. First, there is phylogenetic signal: closely-related species tend to be similar in the presence or absence of FPP. Nonetheless, second, FPP has evolved and been lost many times—overall, at least 28 evolutionary transitions, with more gains than losses. The ancestral condition, incidentally, appears to be an absence of FPP. Third, there is great biogeographical heterogeneity (see figure above). FPP is far-and-away most common among mainland anoles, and is also reasonably common in the Lesser Antilles, but much less common in the Greater Antilles. Within the mainland anoles, it is particularly members of the Norops club that have FPP; much less among dactyloids. However, Norops also occurs on Cuba and Jamaica, and there they don’t exhibit much FPP.

One additional interesting pattern not remarked upon by Paemelaere is that among Greater Antillean species, FPP occurs primarily in trunk-ground anoles, having evolved at least three times independently on different islands (in three members of the sagrei clade on Cuba; A. cristatellus on Puerto Rico; and three members of the cybotes clade on Hispaniola).

Anole Artistry

Ann Melton’s Galloping Snail Studio in Georgia features beautiful and accurate natural sculptures in ceramic, stoneware and pewter including an anole pin, figurine, letter opener, jar and vase.  She describes her artistic journey as beginning with “…clay at an early age and over time developed a wide range of ceramic techniques.  I began formal ceramic studies in Manises, Spain.  At Mountain Empire Community College I participated in an intense two year Studio Potter program.  Then went on to graduate from Virginia Commonwealth University with a Bachelor of Fine Art.  For 10 years I designed for an international pewter company.  I now live on Melton Farm in Beachton, Georgia and work out of “Galloping Snail Studio” where I combine the two disciplines.  The resulting work is both functional and decorative which savor the uniqueness of the red hills region.” Her work can be purchased directly at her website or at sportingartisans.com

 

Introduced Iguanas, Not Native Anoles, Dominate Dominican Gift Shop T-Shirts

T-shirts photographed in gift shops in the Santo Domingo airport (left and center), and a guy wearing a Punta Cana iguana t-shirt photographed during a layover in Atlanta (right).

We’ve previously discussed how difficult it is to find gifts featuring anoles (aside from some cafepress fare).  Even more depressing is the fact that introduced green iguanas (Iguana iguana) are regular features on gift shop fare in the Dominican Republic, a country with one of the coolest of all anole faunas.  Heck, there aren’t even shirts with the native rock iguanas (Cyclura)!  We really need to recruit an entrepreneur to start making Dominican paraphenalia featuring endemic wildlife.

Zig First, Then Zag.

This female Anolis carolinensis has a tail that is kinked in a zig-zag fashion, starting from what seems to be the proximal autotomization point and continuing distally along the tail. The kinks are permanent. Running the tail between one’s fingers fails to smooth out the zig-zags. Have any anoleologists out there seen this growth pattern before? Any idea what might cause it? Additional photos and an x-ray are after the jump.

Predation on Anoles – A Revisit to the Turks and Caicos

Snake food! A young Anolis scriptus

To revisit an earlier post, here is some more information about the Southern Bahamas Anole, Anolis scriptus. In the Turks and Caicos Islands, this species is a crucial component of the terrestrial herpetofauana… as prey for other reptiles!

Readers of this blog might wish to avoid graphic details about anoles being eaten, but it is important to reflect on the role that these species play in ecosystems and energy cycles. In the Turks and Caicos, anoles are consumed by two endemic snakes, as well as curly-tailed lizards.

An Anole Murder Mystery?

Looking through old image files I found the above picture. At first glance, this may look like an unearthed fossil. No way. Try to earn some points by answering the questions below:

  1. Which species is this?
  2. What happened to it (cause of death)?
  3. Where (within the DR) or in which type of habitat did this take place (this is linked to #1 and #2)?
  4. What is the dark patch in the background/horizon, located in the upper right of picture (linked to #2 and #3).

Amazing Anole Fight Caught on Film

Fights between male anoles in nature can get pretty serious.  A few dramatic anole fight videos have already been posted on-line, including some mentioned previously on anole annals ([1], [2]).  Recently, I posted photos from a fight we saw this summer on a rock along the Rio Bani between two males of A. d. ravitergum.  This was the most dramatic anole fight I’ve ever seen, with the males tumbling head over heels down a boulder while locked in combat.  The fight ended with one male skulking off and the other proudly displaying from atop the boulder.  Now, Shea Lambert has posted his video of the fight on YouTube (Shea aptly added background music from the classic video game Mortal Kombat).  This video was taken with a point and shoot digital camera, so the quality isn’t the greatest, but Shea did a great job capturing all of the acrobatics!  To quote Shea immediately after the fight: “That dark anole is a straight-up ninja.”

Another Anole-Packed Issue of Reptiles & Amphibians

As with the previous issue, the just released September number of IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians: Conservation and Natural History is a bonanza for anoliphiles. The photo above is from the inside back cover, relating to the article on Cuban herps that features several fine anole photos. There’s also an article on herping in the Dominican Republic and another on the reptiles of San Salvador island, Bahamas. As always, the photos are sumptuous.

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