Author: Jonathan Losos Page 120 of 133

Professor of Biology and Director of the Living Earth Collaborative at Washington University in Saint Louis. I've spent my entire professional career studying anoles and have discovered that the more I learn about anoles, the more I realize I don't know.

Incoming: Comparative Genomicists Requesting Anole Material

In the last two days, I have received email requests from researchers studying various aspects of anole genomics, one asking for whole genomic DNA from A. carolinensis and the other for material derived from A. carolinensis embryos. These particular researchers are interested in, respectively, promoter elements in opsin genes and cerebral cortex development in the brain, with a particular interest in comparing brain transcriptomes from different species. I have received a number of similar requests in the last few months.

With the sequencing of the A. carolinensis, the first reptile to be sequenced, anoles are now on the radar screen of the comparative genomics community. This is a great thing both for understanding how genomes evolve in general, but also for how anoles evolve specifically. No doubt, this is the dawn of an exciting age in anole biology.

But these requests will no doubt continue to roll in, probably in increasing numbers. And, unlike many “model” organisms, there are not (at least not yet) anole stock centers or other resources to get the material needed for all kinds of studies. Providing genomic DNA is a trivial enterprise, and those of us doing relevant work should probably expect and be prepared for requests like these. But producing embryos for all kinds of developmental/genetic questions is another matter. There will be a need for material from anoles–initially A. carolinensis, but eventually others–at all life stages. We probably can’t expect genomicists to set up their own facilities to produce eggs and offspring (though maybe I don’t give them enough credit). My guess is that in the short term, it will fall on the anole community to provide this material.

Glowing Anole Dewlaps

Photo by Manuel Leal from chipojolab.blogspot.com

Read all about them here.

Anolis Ecomorph Visualization App

CAnolis is a freely downloadable visualization app for learning about Caribbean anole evolution, built using the Processing programming language. Its main purpose is to help teachers of evolution explain convergence and adaptive radiation to high school
and college students. It does so by allowing viewers to click on an island and see where on the phylogeny species in different ecomorphs occur.

Fernando Racimo, creator of the App, explains how it came to be: “The inspiration for the program came after taking a Herpetology class at Harvard, but I didn’t have the means to create it until a friend introduced me to a visually-oriented Java-based programming
language called Processing. I obtained the list of anoles and the clade phylogeny from Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree, while the ecomorph drawings came from a classroom exercise available at the University of California Museum of Paleontology’s website and mentioned earlier in the Anole Annals. My objective was to link island distribution,
phylogenetic placement and ecological adaptation into a single interactive program that made it easy for users to understand how different species of anoles evolved in each island. Jonathan Losos, Mickey Eagleson and Sami Majadla kindly provided advice on how best to display the information.”

The App can be downloaded here:

CAnolis for Mac: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/17593686/CAnolis%20for%20Mac.zip

CAnolis for Windows: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/17593686/CAnolis%20for%20Windows.zip

Please email fernandoracimo@gmail.com if you have any comments or suggestions for improvements.

Anole Harlequin Romance

From Shufeldt, 1883.

From Danielle Steel’s latest romance novel:

“We have not far to go, indeed, to find our bi-colored masquerader; see the emerald-clad scamp as he eyes you from the brawny limb of the pecan, under which you stand. But what is he up to! You quietly watch him, and his employment seems to be of such a nature that he soon completely ignores you, and proceeds with it at all risks, and at all costs. The mystery is soon solved, and we can readily appreciate this agitation, this bowing and strutting, and all manner of quaint motions, as if the very last drop of his quaint lacertilian blood was on fire—for coyishly, and with all due deference, reclines before his lordship, his chosen mate, exerting all her chameleonic powers to hide her blushes by vain endeavors to match the colored pattern at her command. He can withstand her charms no longer, and for the moment, laying aside all dignity, and the object of his affections not unwillingly submitting, in the next instant finds herself in the passionate embraces of her lord, who, to make sure that he has actually won his coveted prize, winds about her lithe form, perhaps in some mystic love-knot, his entire caudal extremity, and blinds her eyes, first on one side and then on the other, by extension of the flaming ornament at his throat.”

Ok, you can’t actually find this on the bookstand at the local grocery store. Rather, it’s from a paper by a captain in the U.S. Army Medical Corps, R.W. Shufeldt, published in the American Naturalist in 1883. Romantic interludes notwithstanding, the paper presents a remarkably accurate and detailed report of the natural history of A. carolinensis (in which he referred to the green anole as the American chameleon, Anolis principalis).

Anole Talks and Posters at the 2011 Herp Meetings

Lots of anole action at the herp meetings starting on Wednesday in Minneapolis. Listed below are the talks and posters found by searching for “anol” in the online program abstract. If you know of others, please let us know. And…if you’re going to attend the meetings, how about posting on the talks and posters, so those of us not in the northlands can stay up to speed? Abstracts can be found by going here (I just read through them–some great stuff!).

Talks (NOTE: Gunderson’s talk on thermal ecology of A. cristatellus was originally scheduled for Saturday, but has just been rescheduled for Friday at 2:30 in Conrad B & C)

Friday, 2:30 pm: Alex Gunderson. Geographic Variation in the Thermal Ecology and Physiology of Anolis cristatellus and its Implications in a Changing World

Saturday, 2 pm: Rich Glor. Phylogenetics and Diversification of Anolis Lizards

Sunday, 8:45 am: A. Reedy. Maternal Nest-site Choice in the Lizard Anolis sagrei: A Unique Research-based Educational Model for Youth at an Urban High School

Sunday, 2:45 pm: J. Deitloff. Hemipenes vs. Dewlaps: Which Morphological Characters Can be Used to Delineate Species in Anoles?

Sunday, 2:45 pm: H. Waddle. Brown Anole Presence Reduces Occupancy of Green Anoles in Southern Florida Natural Areas

Posters:

Saturday, Poster 14: J. Phillips. Evolutionary and Biogeographic Relationships Among Species of the Anolis humilis Complex

Saturday, Poster 15: J. Davis. A phylogenetic analysis of the Anolis pentaprion Species Group

Saturday, Poster 16: J. Gubler. Investigation of the Evolutionary Relationships Among Species of the Anolis limifrons Complex

Saturday, Poster 75: A. Geneva. A Multi-locus Molecular Phylogeny of Distichoid Anoles

Saturday, Poster 76. S. Lambert. Molecular Systematics of Hispaniolan Crown-giant Anoles

Sunday, Poster 21: M. Moody. Egg Environments have Large Effects on Embryonic Development, but have Minimal Consequences for Fitness-Related Phenotypes in a Lizard (Anolis sagrei)

Sunday, Poster 35: M. Zhuang. Comparative Gliding Performance of Anolis carolinensis and Anolis sagrei

Sunday, Poster 44: P. Cupp. Responses of ground skinks, Scincella lateralis, and Green anoles, Anolis carolinensis, to Chemical Deposits of Eastern Milk Snakes, Lampropeltis triangulum

Sagrei – Cristatellus Interactions in Miami

Anolis cristatellus in Miami. Photo by Melissa Losos

In his spare time, photographer and  film-maker extraordinaire Neil Losin doubles as a graduate student studying the ecological interactions between introduced trunk-ground anoles A. sagrei and A. cristatellus in Miami. He’s just begun his third field season, and you can read all about it here.

Anole Mobile

From a remote corner of Anole Nation comes the photo above and its identification as part of the anole clan. Yeah or nay?

Name That Anole: Poster Edition

Rich Glor has thrown down the gauntlet. Who can name the five anoles pictured on the CaribHerp poster in the last post? I know what they are, but I had to get help on #5, which does not sport the typical look for that species (and the esteemed Dr. Glor’s guesses are incorrect).

Anole Poster From CaribHerp

Caribherp is a website devoted to all herpetologic matters West Indian. It describes itself as follows:

Caribherp contains information on amphibians and reptiles of the Caribbean Islands (West Indies). It serves as a checklist of what occurs in the region as well as a quick identification guide to the species. Approximately 2000 images and maps, and selected frog calls (sounds), are presented along with an integrated open-access journal, Caribbean Herpetology. The journal accepts color images and video and currently publishes brief communications on individual species—later volumes will include full research articles. The species accounts can be sorted in many ways. Maps of the Caribbean, both current and historical, can be found on a separate site, Caribmap. Multimedia essays related to conservation issues on Caribbean islands are on a third site, Caribnature.

The poster above and a similar one can be obtained here on the “Resources” page.

A Horrible Name for a Beautiful Lizard

Taxonomist’s conundrum: What to do when a species needs a new name, but the moniker available is unpleasant? Case in point: this verdant beauty is surely the loveliest of the Bahamas’ lizards. Long known as A. carolinensis, recent work demonstrated that Bahamian green anoles and American green anoles are not closely related and thus represent independent colonizations from their Cuban, A. porcatus, ancestors. Hence, unless one wants to sink them all into a single species (which by the rules of zoological nomenclature, would be given the name A. carolinensis, thus sinking porcatus and representing another instance of U.S. hegemony over Cuba), the Bahamian lizards need a new name.

And, alas, that name already exists, and it’s a stinker: A. smaragdinus. Trying saying it yourself. There are a number of different ways to pronounce it—I have no idea which is correct, but they’re all unpleasant. And don’t bother trying to shorten it: “smarags” is cacophonous as well. It’s a shame, really, because the epithet is apt, meaning “emerald  green” in Latin.

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