Movie Review: Anoles, Spiders, And Superheroes

Spoiler Alert: I’m about to discuss the central plot of Spiderman. I assume most readers are by now familiar with the movie’s central conceit, namely that a noble scientist valiantly strives to create a race of super-lizards with extraordinary powers to benefit all of humanity, but tragically is stymied by the movie’s villian, a pajama-clad arachnophile with psychological baggage that produces an unreasonable antipathy to all things reptilian.

I won’t go into the particulars, but suffice to say that until its tragic denouement, the work is a herpetological marvel, as well as an inspiration to what may be accomplished by the miracles of genomics. Particularly impressive was the scene in which the oversized saurian regenerates its tail–quite graphically and accurately–in real time. Admittedly, the CGI lizards (of which I can’t find any photos online) were not quite up to par, but not a bad effort. Moreover, the best character in the movie is the chief scientist, Curt Connors, who immediately upon entrance introduces himself as the world’s foremost authority on herpetology and, as if to prove it, has an office replete with herpetological items (ok, two that I noticed: a stuffed turtle and a sea turtle skull).

Dr. Curt Connors, the world’s foremost herpetologist.

But, you may be thinking, a movie featuring lizards is great in all, but what’s the connection to anoles? Admittedly, there was no lizard or superhero in the movie who could be identified as anoline (incidentally, Time magazine has a nice discussion of what actual lizards may have been the basis for these creatures). However, and you may consider this a stretch, there was one link to the anole world: Connors, the scientist, was a dead ringer* for Jonathan Roughgarden (vintage 20 years ago), a resemblance enhanced by Collins’ obvious theoretical brilliance. Now, of course, it was disappointing when Connors transformed himself into a Komodo-sized saurian that bore no resemblance to Anolis gingivinus or any other Lesser Antillean anole, or even any anole at all, but perhaps we can save that for the sequel (Spiderman II: The Anole Strikes Back), when Connor triumphantly re-emerges to vanquish the spider-people and save humanity.

*by “dead ringer” I mean “bore a slight resemblance, at least in my mind’s eye”

Scary? Try adding a dewlap and toepads!

Rare Cuban Trunk Anole Spotted On Isla De Juventud

Photos from Cádiz and Birds report in IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians.

Trunk anoles are the least diverse and most enigmatic of the six replicated anole ecomorph categories (the others are grass-bush, trunk-ground, trunk-crown, twig, and crown giant). Numerous species of trunk anoles belonging to the distichus species group are a dominant component of Hispaniola’s anole fauna, but Cuba has only one very rare trunk anole species and Jamaica and Puerto Rico have no trunk anoles whatsoever.  In the latest IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians: Conservation and Natural History, Cádiz and Bird report the first occurrence of the Cuban trunk anole – A. loysianus – on Isla de Juventud.  This is the first time that this spectacular little anole species has been reported from Cuba’s largest satellite island.

Hatching for Hobbyists

Some previous posts on Anole Annals have stimulated excellent discussions regarding the care of Anolis eggs in a laboratory setting.  To this, I’d like to share a few tips as a hobbyist who has successfully incubated A. carolinensis eggs outside the laboratory for many years.

A month before breeding season, I place a small organic (fertilizer-free) potted basil plant in each cage.  This plant is watered weekly to keep the soil moist enough to prevent egg dessication without making the soil too heavy for easy digging.  Every few days, I comb through the soil with my fingers to check for eggs.

An A. carolinensis digging a hole to bury her egg

Anolis Carolinensis Lab Model Of The Month


ResearchBlogging.orgThe good folks at Lab Animalput out by the Nature Publishing Group, have named the green anole Miss June, er, I mean Model Animal of the Month in their June issue. If you’re not familiar with this periodical, it’s a “peer-reviewed journal publishing timely and informative editorial material emphasizing proper management and care. Lab Animal reaches over 10,000 professionals in both the academic world and applied research industries.” Obviously, quite a perceptive bunch, and the article, “The Ever Adaptable Anole,” is quite accurate and informative.

Anon. (2012). The ever-adaptable anole Lab Animal, 41 (6), 149-149 DOI: 10.1038/laban0612-149

More On Anoles And Day Geckos In Hawaii

Photo by Tony Gamble.

We at Anole Annals are a little obsessed with what’s going on between anoles and those anole-wannabees, the day geckos, in Hawaii. Really, someone’s gotta’ study this. Here’s a photo kindly provided by Tony Gamble demonstrating beyond a shadow of a doubt that the two species coexist. Here’s Tony’s take on whether the species interact:

Photo by Tony Gamble

“I didn’t see too many interactions between geckos and anoles. I would see large male anoles walk around and display in places loaded with day geckos. The geckos would certainly get out of the way of the brutish anoles but I did not observe anoles actually chasing or attacking geckos. Both species seem to be far more concerned with intraspecific interactions (attached photo on left shows a male Anolis eyeing the female on the other side of the fence). In some places they co-occurred at incredibly high densities (see photo below the fold) and given the abundance of roaches and spiders food does not seem like its a limiting factor. In Kona, which is fairly dry, anoles tend to be found only in areas that are irrigated (e.g. gardens, hotels, strip malls). Day geckos are more abundant in those places but can be found almost everywhere – even away from developed areas. It is possible interspecific interactions are different on more mesic parts of the big island and on other islands where more area is open to anoles. This is certainly an experiment in progress – we just need to find some time to observe it.”

Leal, Fleishman Labs In The Field

Follow their exploits as they rampage through the eastern Caribbean, measuring dewlap spectra and general wreaking havoc. Most recently, they’ve been to St. Croix to examine the enigmatic Anolis acutus, a refugee of the cristatellus clade that somehow made its way from Puerto Rico and now flourishes as the only anole on this island. Most amazingly, the density of this species is outrageously high, with many males peacefully coexisting on a single tree, like a bunch of hippies. Why do they do this? If anyone can figure this out, Manuel Leal, Leo Fleishman and company are just the ones. Stay tuned to Chipojo Lab for further updates.

Are Green Anole Populations Declining Due To Drought?

From http://www.thedrillpress.com/tex/2008-11-01/tex-2008-11-01-splinter-bgreenwood-04.shtml

AA reader Jim Jackson writes:

“I would like to suggest a topic for a post on Anole Annals:  Has anyone besides me observed a collapse in “their” local A. carolinensis population?  I live near Tallahassee, Florida, and have always had a large population of Green Anoles on my property; during September, 2011, there were at least 30 individuals around my house and on shrubs and small trees in the yard.  Even in May, 2012, there were a dozen.  Yesterday around noon I found an emaciated hatchling under a cover object.  Very odd.  I searched the property for active anoles and found none.

There has been a moderate drought here since 2010, and the larger-bodied flying insects (bees/butterflies) on flowers seem less abundant than in 2009.  Reduced food resources could explain a population decline, but the drastic change on my one acre seems hard to attribute solely to starvation.  There are no sagrei on my property.”

Anyone got any thoughts?

The Art of Hatching

A 2-dimensional ultrasound image of an egg inside a female A. carolinensis in 2008. Though I was supposed to be imaging human blood vessels during my doctorate, I snuck in some imaging of my anoles.

My first baby Anolis carolinensis hatched in 2003.  Since that time, I have had 9 eggs hatch.  Cultivating the eggs, feeding the tiny newborns and caring for the gravid females has certainly been a challenging adventure.

So far this summer, I’ve been fortunate to have 3 Anolis carolinensis eggs hatch under my watch. Below are some video clips of these delicate and inquisitive creatures as they emerge from their eggs and discover their new world. All videos are filmed in real time.

Hatchling #1 (aka Watson).
Below: Filming began when he was half way out of the egg. Note how a portion of the egg contents (experts, what is this?) remain attached after he emerges.

A New Fossil Iguanid From Late Pliocene South America


ResearchBlogging.orgAs impressive as their current diversity may be, anoles have a rather pathetic fossil record.  Aside from a smattering of subfossils that are less than a million years old, all we have to work from are a few amber specimens from the Dominican Republic preserved over a narrow temporal window (15-20 mybp).  This lack of fossils is problematic because molecular genetic data suggest that that Anolis may be more than 50 million years old.  The fossil record for anole relatives isn’t much better, with only a handful of well-characterized fossils that are greater than 10 or 20 million years old existing across Iguania.  Although they are relatively uncommon, previous reports of iguanian fossils have occasionally been sloppy about assignment to extant clades.  Daza et al. (2012) have done a remarkable job of clarifying our understanding of fossil iguanians by providing not only a remarkably detailed and nuanced description of a new fossil iguanian from the Late Pliocene, but also by conducting quantitative phylogenetic analyses that place this fossil in a large tree that includes a diverse range of other fossil and extant iguanians.

Anole Photo Of The Day

Tweeted by Meet Your Neighbors, who describes itself thusly: Founded in 2009, Meet Your Neighbours is a worldwide photographic initiative created by Niall Benvie and Clay Bolt. The project is dedicated to reconnecting people with the wildlife on their own doorsteps – and enriching their lives in the process. These creatures and plants are vital to people: they represent the first, and for some, the only contact with wild nature we have. Yet too often they are overlooked, undervalued.

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