Who is this Uwe Bartelt, who has ferreted out such a surprisingly large number of anole postage stamps? Well, you can read all about him. Especially if you read German. And if you do, please give us more details. The photos make clear that he’s got a great setup for anole husbandry, with all kinds of cool anoles. Check it out. And translate it!
Category: All Posts Page 133 of 149
In the era of Big Data, we can ask questions that would have been inconceivable just a few years ago. Consider the types of questions we can ask using Google’s Ngram Viewer, which uses full-text searches of >4% of all books ever printed to characterize relative word or phrase usage over time (this approach was initially described in a 2011 Science paper about “Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books“).
Among the most important questions one might ask with the Ngram Viewer is “What is the most written-about lizard genus?” I did some preliminary scouting to assess the relative usage of some of the lizard genera that I guessed would be the most popular. I quickly narrowed my queries to the five taxa – Anolis, Sceloporus, Varanus, Lacerta, and Gekko – that I think give the most interesting graphs for discussion. I excluded other potentially popular genera from my queries for for a few reasons. Iguana is very popular, but I eliminated it because it is often used colloquially to refer to lizards that don’t necessarily belong to the genus Iguana. Eumeces never appears as frequently as the other genera in my searches. Pogona is immensely popular as a pet, but usage of this genus name is still far below the others in my list.
Lacerta jumps out to a big early lead and maintains a strong lead throughout the 19th century, thanks to its widespread use in Latin-language literature from the 19th century and countless books about the European fauna (Ngrams Viewer even provides links to the books or articles containing the phrase of interest!).
In the early 20th century, Anolis joins the competition as one of the most popular lizard genera, and opens up a sizeable lead by the 1980s that it maintains until the turn of the 20th century. Although Anolis is briefly surpassed by Varanus in the 2000s, it nudges back into the lead by the end of 2008!
There you have it folks, quantitative proof of the popularity of Anolis! Have I failed to consider some genera that might be competing with Anolis in the lizard genus popularity contest?
Holly, the anole chasing, home returning tabby, now a celebrity
Today’s New York Times featured an article on incredible journeys by lost cats, where they cover immense distances to return to their homes. The article is based on a recent story of Holly, who trekked 200 miles from the Daytona Speedway, where she had become separated from her mobile home at an RV park, to her residence in West Palm Beach. This may seem a bit off-topic for Anole Annals and, indeed, it mostly is, but midway through, the article asks how a pampered housecat could be prepared for a life in the Florida wilds, noting ” after all, she spent most of her life as an indoor cat, except for occasionally running outside to chase lizards.” No doubt if she’s chasing lizards around a house in West Palm, those lizards are almost surely brown anoles, with a few green thrown in. Housecat predation on anoles (and other animals, particularly birds) is a serious matter, but at least it leads to the occasional heartwarming story. Incidentally, the article also refers to the KittyCam project we posted on a while back, in which researchers put little video cameras around the neck of housecats to see where they went, and found all kinds of unexpected surprises, including a couple of two-timing housecats with a second home on the side.
The website WTF Evolution has been popping up around the ecology and evolution blogosphere lately. It was recently featured by Jerry Coyne at Why Evolution is True and by Jeremy Fox at Dynamic Ecology. However, if you don’t read either of these blogs, or haven’t heard about the site, I suggest having a look – it’s pretty funny (especially ‘Fiddler crab’). Best of all, however, is that anoles are featured (and they’re the only organism to get a video)! The example is one featured on Anole Annals previously and is from a study by Casey Gilman in Duncan Irschick’s lab. The video shows that when anoles jump from springy perches, the recoiling perch can hit them in the tail, throwing them off balance. As the captionist at WTF Evolution notes, not a great thing for a lizard that spends a lot of time on branches: “Great work, Evolution“.
Photo by Chuck Horne
I certainly was not expecting to see this so soon! According to the breeder, these anoles were only 3-4 months old when I received them last month (December 4th). Unfortunately, I did not take SVL measurements at first but they have certainly grown in the 1.5 months I’ve had them (the male seemingly more so than the female). I’ve placed a “nest box” in the enclosure with a commercial, tropical blend soil medium and I will check it for suitable “dampness” periodically in the hopes it makes an acceptable laying site. I’d appreciate any advice AA members may have to increase my chances of successfully incubating eggs and raising the babies. I’ll post updates periodically.
Missing anoles? Or missing anole biogeographers?
As you may (or may not) know, the 6th meeting of the International Biogeography Society (IBS) is underway in Miami, FL.
So here I am, in the anole invasion capital of the world, with the Caribbean on the doorstep, and a look through the conference program reveals a paltry TWO talks on our favourite lizards. Contrast this with Martha Munoz’s reports from SICB, with 18 (or so) anole talks. Of course, there’s something to be said for quality over quantity and the two anole presentations here do a good job of flying the flag. Yesterday Jonathan Losos kicked off one of the symposia with a talk on anole traits, function and biogeography (with a smashing blue / yellow colour scheme), and later today I’ll be searching out a poster on anole fossil assemblages (post forthcoming)
Nonetheless, I still can’t help wonder, where are the anole biogeographers? You can’t look through a text on island biogeography, species area curves or adaptive radiation without finding a dewlap. So the question is, are people not doing anole biogeography anymore? This isn’t the case, so it can only be that either the IBS isn’t on the radar, or people choose not to go. Either way, you’re missing out on a great meeting – it’s an excellent opportunity for the anole research community to radiate and reach a slightly different audience.
Regular readers of Anole Annals will know that, like humans, anoles are parasitized by malaria. It’s a different lineage of malaria specialized for lizards but it is malaria none-the-less.
What readers of Anole Annals might not know, however, is that anoles don’t seem to suffer from the cold, the flu, or whooping cough (not according to a quick literature search, anyways).
These illnesses do afflict humans, however, and this winter season is shaping up to be a serious one. Perhaps you have already experienced this.
Top things to do to avoid getting and/or passing on the flu this season:
1) Wash your hands frequently.
2) Avoid touching your mouth, nose, and eyes.
3) Stay home if you’re sick. Keep your kids home if they’re sick. And encourage your colleagues to stay home if they’re sick.
4) Get your flu shot and your pertussis booster.
5) Encourage your friends to get their shots too. Herd immunity!
6) Develop lizardy super powers that render you invincible.
PS: The flu-shot cannot give you the flu by accident. This is a pernicious myth. The virus particles injected in the flu shot are dead, zapped, kaput. You may feel a little under the weather as your body works to develop antibodies but that’s a whole lot better than getting the actual flu. I felt fine after my flu shot.
Sometimes anoles are lovers, too. But even when they love, they seem to fight. Photo of Anolis carolinensis taken from Wikipedia.
Greetings again from San Francisco! The anticipation for yesterday’s Animal Communication session was palpable. Usually a big Anolis hit at SICB, the Communication session did not fail to impress. The session was divided into two sections – Lovers and Fighters. Can you guess which one had all the anole talks? Three out of the five talks in the Fighters session were about anoles. Incidentally, most of the talks in the Lovers session were about tree frogs. This was perfectly to my liking – I’ll take the blood, guts, and gore any day. The three Anolis talks presented fascinating new work.
The first was by Jessica Edwards, a graduate student working with Simon Lailvaux at the University of New Orleans on aggressive encounters between Anolis carolinensis and A. sagrei, which has successfully invaded much of A. carolinensis‘ range. In a previous study, Jessica and Simon found that A. carolinensis tends to perch higher in the presence of A. sagrei than when found alone. For her experiment, Jessica placed one male of each species into a large cage with a single perch. At the top of this perch she placed a heat lamp, so that there was one optimal site (warm top) and one sub-optimal site (cool bottom) on the perch. She then scored behaviors and recorded the victor in each trial. She found that relative dewlap size was a good predictor of trial outcome, and that the each species was about equally successful at obtaining the optimal perch, although A. sagrei did have a slight advantage. She repeated this experiment using females of each species, and found something exciting and perhaps unexpected – Anolis sagrei was the clear victor in all but one of several dozen trials! Jessica posits that, in the wild, female A. sagrei push female A. carolinensis higher up in the trees. In polygynous systems such as anoles, where one male defends a group of two or more females, then we would expect the males to go where the females do, and so would expect males to increase their perch heights, as well.
Greetings again from San Francisco! Day One of SICB has been full of amazing talks and posters. The poster session yielded interesting new research by Diego Castro and Michele Johnson, of Trinity University, on the relationship between testosterone and dewlapping behavior. Diego, an undergraduate studying neurobiology, asked whether muscles involved in sexual or aggressive behavior would have increased testosterone. To answer this question, Diego focused on five species of Dominican anoles, including Anolis brevirostris, A. coelestinus, A. cybotes, and A. olssoni. Diego observed the natural behavior of these species, and quantified the average number of pushups and dewlaps they performed. They found that A. coelestinus and A. cybotes have fewer dewlap extensions and several pushups in their displays, while A. brevirostris dewlaps as often as it performs pushups. They then quantified the concentration of androgen receptors in the ceratohyoid, which controls dewlap extension to determine whether levels of androgen receptor protein correlate with sexual display behavior. They found that species with greater display rates also had a higher number of cells expressing androgen receptor protein. Their next goal is to measure androgen receptor protein in the bicep and tricep. Great job, Diego!
Some time in the wee hours tonight or early tomorrow, the 300,000th visitor will traipse through Anole Annals. Not bad since we only reached 100,000 barely more than a year ago, on December 16, 2011, when some lunkhead from Valdosta, GA logged in. Who will claim this great honor? And when will it occur? You can keep track yourself by checking the stats counter at the bottom of the sidebar on the right side of the screen. And if you haven’t done so before, click on the world map just above it, to see in rotating 3-D where people are visiting AA right now.
Next AA milestone: our 1000th post, slated for later this winter. So far, in our two year and change history, we’ve had 919 posts by 87 contributors from 11 countries and five continents. Not to mention 3,356 comments.