Category: Education and Anoles Page 2 of 4

Seeking Input for a Child-Friendly Research Project

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In my science lab with my little green friend. This photo will actually be on the back cover of my upcoming book!

As a regular reader of Anole Annals and a subscriber to the Twitter feed, I am honored to have the opportunity to write this post. For those who might remember, I am the elementary school science teacher in Princeton, NJ who made international news (and a mention on Anole Annals) when one of my kindergarten students brought me a juvenile Anolis carolinensis that her mother found in a bundle of salad greens. I am happy to report that “Green Fruit Loop” is still doing well in a spacious terrarium, and I have considered the logistics of returning her to the wild once she’s fully grown. Of course, from what I’ve been reading about her place of origin (south Florida), I’ll have to make sure I find a spot with tall trees, to make sure she has refuge from Anolis sagrei.

Green Fruit Loop

I’ve gotten into the habit of referring to Green Fruit Loop as a “she,” but perhaps an anole specialist could make an accurate determination?

My students continue to be enthralled with our surprise classroom companion, and I have been considering ways to include these children in a scientific investigation on color change We have a second terrarium of adopted Anolis carolinensis (my momentary fame made me a magnet for unwanted pets), and even though I have told my students that anoles don’t assume specific colors to blend in with their backgrounds, this group was almost exclusively green when housed with plants, but since a fungal disease eliminated all vegetation over the winter, these anoles now remain perpetually brown among the rocks and woodwork.

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Green Fruit Loop definitely doesn’t look green here!

These observations, which my students have used as evidence that Carolina anoles do, in fact, change color to camouflage (contrary to what their teacher tells them), have prompted me to consider a long-term study, in which several basking platforms will be painted different colors and anoles that use them will be photographed at multiple intervals per day. For example, one platform might be green, one brown, one white, and one black, and a camera on a timer will take photographs of each platform hourly. We could then compare these photographs over time, determine which individuals are exhibiting certain colors on certain platforms, and possibly draw conclusions from what we observe. I recently obtained a grant from the American Society of Plant Biologists to build two large habitats for tropical plants, so this would be an ideal location to house additional groups of anoles for this experiment to proceed.

If anybody has suggestions for the colors and materials that we might use for basking platforms (I am planning on four per habitat, each under its own light), as well as any possible modifications to this experiment for greater scientific merit, please feel free to comment on this post or write to me at memarkeastburn@gmail.com. Of course, animal welfare is always the highest priority in any of my educational projects, and my group of adopted anoles will never be housed with any field-collected specimens (like Green Fruit Loop) to minimize possible spread of parasites and disease.

Once this experiment gets going, please check in and see what my students are learning on Twitter @markeastburn or at my website http://www.teacherturtles.com. Thank you for reading!

SICB 2015: Color and Stress in Green Anoles

Spencer Hudson presenting his poster.

Spencer Hudson presenting his poster at SICB.

When you tell someone that you study anoles, often one of the first questions they’ll ask is why these lizards change color. While it’s a complicated phenomenon, we do know that anole color can indicate both social dominance and stress. In a poster presented on Tuesday at SICB, Spencer Hudson, an undergraduate working with Travis Wilcoxen at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois, considered whether habituation in green anoles can mediate the effects of social and handling stress (measured via fecal corticosterone, or CORT), and how stress is associated with color. Spencer found that in comparison to a control group, male lizards that experienced human handling and social interactions with other males had higher CORT levels, and they were more likely to turn brown during experimental trials. However, he did not find evidence that habituation lowered CORT or influenced lizard color. Spencer and his colleagues suggest that acute stress (experienced during human handling) and chronic stress (experienced over the course of the three-week experiment) may have different effects on lizard color.

Impressively, Spencer designed and conducted this experiment all within a one-semester undergraduate Animal Behavior class at Millikin!

New Lizard-y Website for Kids

If there are any children in your life that are interested in lizards (and what kids aren’t?!), you may want to check out a website my lab is developing: lizardsandfriends.org.  This website is one of our outreach efforts to help make connections between schoolchildren (particularly around the fifth-grade age/reading level) and scientists.

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We’re working to meet several goals with this website:

1.  To show children how science is done.  Too often, children (and adults) have misconceptions about the process of science.  So, our website aims to show that scientists work together in teams; that scientists use math, communication, and problem-solving skills; that scientists are a diverse group of people; and that science can be a lot of fun.

2. To make science accessible to students.  By writing about our ongoing research projects at the fifth-grade reading level, we hope to engage young children with the idea that they, too, can be scientists. The website also offers several options for website-users to engage with the scientists in my lab, including Club LizKids, an email listserve that connects with kids via more personal updates from the lab.

3. To provide resources for teachers to use lizards in their own classrooms.  Because science is tested for the first time in Texas in the fifth grade, in some cases science is not taught until the fifth grade.  We are working with local (San Antonio) fifth grade teachers to develop resources that help them to teach the Texas science standards using creative, engaging approaches – although the resources on the website are available to all!

We’d welcome your feedback on the site.  We aren’t drawing a lot of “comments” on the blog posts yet, but we do get a lot of hits, so people are finding us.  Hope you enjoy it!

Ecuadorian Anoles on BBC News

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During the last five years, herpetologists at the Museo de Zoología QCAZ, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), have discovered and described 35 new species of amphibians and reptiles, some of which are anoles. BBC news recently posted a photographic article on this work, which was funded by the Ecuadorian government and PUCE. Anolis otongae and A. podocarpus are some of the recently discovered species featured in that article.

The Museo de Zoología QCAZ also maintains ReptiliaWebEcuador, a website on Ecuadorian reptiles with tons of information in Spanish, including pictures, maps, free downloads, and more. Visit us if you want to know more about Ecuadorian anoles.

New Education Films On Evolution Featuring Finches, Anoles And Darwin Released By Howard Hughes Medical Institute

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute is one of the wealthiest private foundations supporting scientific research in the world, with annual payouts exceeding $800 million. One branch of HHMI focuses on science education activities and is headed by renowned evolutionary developmental biologist Sean Carroll. Starting several years ago, HHMI has produced a series of short films on evolution, each focusing on a topic and usually focusing on a particular case study. Previous films in the “Making of the Fittest” series have centered on lava mice, sticklebacks, icefish and humans. Yesterday, HHMI announced the release of a new series, “The Origin of Species,” featuring films on Darwin and Wallace (a historical dramatization that marks a break from the approach of previous films), Darwin’s finches and…anoles! The films are short, approximately 15 minutes for birds and lizards, 30 for the big men. The HHMI press release explains more and provides short video clips, and the films themselves can be watched here:

The Origin of Species: The Making of a Theory

Video Clip

The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch

Video Clip

The Origin of Species: Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree

Video Clip

The press release notes that the films are only part of the educational initiative, complemented by a variety of teaching tools:

“HHMI’s Educational Resources Group has developed an extensive set of teaching materials that will help teachers use the films. All the resources are freely available on the BioInteractive.org website. “The films’ contents are built upon through additional classroom discussion, activities, and further study. To maximize classroom impact, it is crucial to provide teachers with various supplements and media to support the use of the films in addressing key topics in the curriculum,” said Carroll. Carroll notes that to date, several million students have viewed previously released films and well over one-half million teacher supplements have been distributed or downloaded.”

Stay tuned for the release of materials for these films, which currently are in production and should be ready by early next year. More generally, the films are readily downloadable from the HHMI website and are distributed as DVDs.

Coming Soon To A Theater Near You

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Seeking Photographs Of Ecomorphs

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Photo of Anolis sheplani by Father Alejandro Sanchez.

Dear Anole Researchers,

I’m producing a film on how species form for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. It focuses on anole evolution and features Jonathan Losos. They will give it away to high school teachers around the country and make it available for free download from their website.

To illustrate the concept of anole ecomorphs, we are seeking photographs of of major anole body types on Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispanola.

We are looking for images of the following species:

Trunk-ground: cybotes, cristatellus or gundlachi, lineatopus, sagrei

Canopy: evermanni, chlorocyanus, grahami (green ones would be best), porcatus

Grass-bush: pulchellus, semilineatus or olssoni, alutaceus or vanidicus

Twig: valencienni, angusticeps, occultus, placidus or sheplani or insolitus

To make the visual comparisons easy, we hope to find images of the anoles from roughly the same angle – a profile along the lines of the image in this post.

If you have any images that you would be willing to share, thanks for emailing me at Daniel.levitt@comcast.net.

Many thanks!

Dan Levitt
Veriscope Pictures

Cybotoid Blitz On The Encyclopedia Of Life

“Try to learn something about everything and everything about something.” –Thomas Henry Huxley

These are lofty words from one the world’s most impressive autodidacts. Thomas Huxley taught himself German and Greek by candlelight, endured years in crowded quarters with teenage midshipmen aboard the HMS Rattlesnake just to be able to learn about jellyfish, and taught himself comparative anatomy though countless hours behind a microscope. He may be most famously known as one the most important champions of evolution, but to me he is equally memorable for his firm belief in equal access to knowledge.

Image courtesy of David M. Hillis, Derrick Zwickl, and Robin Gutell, University of Texas

Image courtesy of David M. Hillis, Derrick Zwickl, and Robin Gutell, University of Texas

Were he alive today, I believe that Thomas Huxley would be a huge supporter of the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL). The EOL takes self-learning to the next level by providing unprecedented access to species information that is readable, comprehensive, and professionally curated. Since 2007, this open-access web portal has been cataloging the world’s biodiversity. Yes, you read correctly. EOL wants nothing less than to create informative pages for all of the world’s species. Last count, that was somewhere around 8.7 million species, but I wouldn’t be surprised if that number were much, much higher. In May 2012, the EOL hit one million species pages, which gives a sense of how successful the mission has been, and also how far they have to go.

What Would Have Happened If Darwin Had Discovered The Anoles Of The Greater Antilles Instead Of The Galapagos Finches?

Maybe the classic Darwin evolutionary tree would…

Anoles evolutionary tree in Darwin DayPrincipal image modified from Alföldi et al.

What do you think about the hypothetical case?

 

Suggested reading:

Darwin’s Lizards: like Galapagos’ finches, anoles of the Greater Antilles have proved to be eminently adaptable. By Jonathan B. Losos and Kevin de Queiroz.

The genome of the green anole lizard and a comparative analysis with birds and mammals. By Jessica Alföldi et al.

Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree. Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles. By Jonathan B. Losos.

It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). By Kirsten E. Nicholson et al.

Pages about Darwin Day:

International Darwin Day Foundation

Darwin Day » British Humanist Association

Educational sources:

Anolis Lizards of the Greater Antilles: Using Phylogeny to Test Hypotheses. By Jennifer (Johnson) Collins.

Anolis Ecomorph Visualization App

This another post about Darwin Day:

https://www.anoleannals.org/2012/02/12/happy-darwin-day/

Spend A Night At The Museum With Anolis Lizards

Darwin Day Herp Tour, Museum of Comparative Zoology, 2011

Attention Boston-area Anolophiles – This Friday, November 9th, the Harvard University Biological Sciences Society (HUBSS) is hosting its annual Night at the Museum event! This free and recurring event at the Harvard Museum of Natural History features plenty of tasty treats, exciting exhibits, and exclusive behind-the-scenes tours of the research collections in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Although the event is sponsored and hosted by the undergraduate society, interested members of the public are welcome to participate.

As part of this event, I will be giving two free tours of the Herpetology collections. I love working for these events because I get to display my favorite pieces from our amazing collections, including enormous croc skulls, strange and rare reptiles, and, naturally, a dizzying array of anoles. Anoles will be featured prominently in my tours as I use them to illustrate the principles of convergent evolution and to talk about island biogeography. Visitors will get to participate in a team activity using Anolis specimens. If you’re in the area, how else would you rather spend a Friday night than learning about anoles?

Check out the HUBSS website for this event and I hope to see you there!

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