Ian Wang stumbled across a recently-published species description of an unbelievable new Anolis species that may be a new ecomorph – the ground-ground anole!! You have to read it for youself!
Year: 2012 Page 37 of 47
A. maynardi pretending to be drowned
This A. maynardi comes fairly often to our bird bath in Little Cayman to drink, crawling down into the clear plastic tub and sunbathing on the rocks. After I took his picture (below) and went for a second shot, he got spooked and dove into the water, swam vigorously with much wiggling, and then started to play dead. He drifted at a very odd angle, not moving, tail end sinking slowly until only the tip of his elegant nose was exposed. When my husband tried to “save” him, he wiggled & swam away until he made contact with my husband’s hand, and then dove into a nearby pot plant. Has anyone else seen an anole playing possum?
Another Revell Lab (Liam, Kristin, Graham) trip to Puerto Rico this spring, and another series of encounters with the diminutive Anolis occultus and the spectacular Anolis cuvieri. Both of these species can be quite challenging to find, but we have had some good success in several locations in the Puerto Rican karst region. In January, we observed many individuals of both species
And managed to get a few in-hand for pictures
We also found a juvenile cuvieri, which has a gray coloration and an ontogenetic shift to green as they age:
Unless they happen to be one of the brown morph adults,
httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r33UMVk1o5s&feature=email
As a scientist in life sciences, I have always tried to highlight the existence of laws. It seems to me that all science should be predictive. Once we are interested in locomotion, the first idea that comes to mind is the following: are there any laws of locomotion that transcend forms, species? Is it possible to predict locomotion of any species to the knowledge of environmental constraints it faces (Legreneur et al., 2012)?
I am not a herpetologist. Over 15 years I have worked on humans, and especially high-level athletes and the elderly. I demonstrated in humans that the trajectory of any point controlled by the central nervous system was still as linear as possible. This point is either the fingertip during a pointing or grasping task, or the body center of mass during locomotion, e.g. during the takeoff phase of a jump. Since most joints move in rotation, and that the controlled point displaces through a linear path, it is necessary to dephase the rotating joints to transform the rotation kinematic energy into linear energy. Finally, for transmiting force from the body to the substrate, for example from the hip to the ground during the jump, the joints move in a proximal-to-distal manner, i.e. the extension of the hip precedes the ones of the knee and the ankle.
To demonstrate that these laws observed in humans were applicable to all terrestrial tetrapods, I am interested in two phylogenetically very distant arboreal jumpers, i.e. a prosimian, Microcebus murinus, and a squamate, Anolis sp. I reproduced with these two species the same experiments that I conducted on humans, i.e. leap up to maximum and submaximal heights. Thus I demonstrate that the coordination observed during take-off in maximal leaping were identical in humans, Microcebus and Anolis (Legreneur et al., 2010; Legreneur et al., 2011; Legreneur et al., 2012).
For those of you who enjoy reading literature of the non-Anolis variety in your limited spare time, allow me to recommend the work of author and journalist Carl Hiaasen for a shot of anole-spiked satire. Hiaasen’s extensive fiction and non-fiction works (which are reminiscent of Edward Abbey and Christopher Moore, to name a few) have captured the elusive charm and absurdity of the people and wildlife of Florida, and should be required reading for anyone who has been or is thinking of traveling there.
Although none of Hiaasen’s novels have focused on anoles, they make frequent cameo appearances in his work. For example, in his most recent young adult novel “Chomp,” one of the precocious main characters, Tuna, “captured a brilliant green anole lizard and helped Wahoo memorize its scientific name, Anolis carolinensis, which was a mouthful.” In another book, “Nature Girl,” a frustrated private investigator follows a sleazy telemarketer and his girlfriend into the everglades, where they have been lured by the phony promise of a luxurious ecotour. The PI is intent on capturing evidence of the telemarketer’s infidelity, but instead captures extensive footage of A. carolinensis engaged in “adult” behaviors.
Apparently, Hiaasen’s interest in anoles extends beyond their supporting role in his fiction. At a recent Q&A session with publishers at Random House, Hiaasen drew gasps from the audience when he described noosing A. equestris in Coral Gables and prying their mouths off his bloodied fingers using a quarter, and later being knocked off a ladder when the same species leapt off an outdoor light fixture and onto his face, again drawing blood. Hiaasen also described a childhood and adolescence (still in progress, according to the 59-year-old author) spent chasing lizards and other herps with his friends, his children, and later his grandchildren. Clearly Hiaasen deserves the honorary title of “anolologist.”
Perhaps anoles will figure more prominently in his next book? Personally, I’ll be crossing my fingers until then.
Reader Louise Butler from the Big Island writes: “I am attaching two photos. One is a battle royale on the outerside of my kitchen window. Two anole-like dudes (?) duking it out, each grasping the other’s jaw. They remained this way, occasionally changing position but never letting go, for several minutes. Most amazing was that my indoor anole hardly noticed them and he was on the inside of the very same screen! Look at the difference in size.
I’ve never before, or since seen Anolis this big.
The second photo depicts the gold-dust day gecko’s most favored way of proliferation. They love the car. I’ve seen several emerging from the innards of my neighbor’s car after one of his trips to Kona from our location on the eastern tip of the Big Island.”
So, readers, what do you think about the size of those Hawaiians? And let’s not forget that geckos are not the only ones that use that means of transportation.
Anole biologist and phylogenetic comparative methods wizard Liam Revell has shamelessly used a photo of Anolis evermanni just so we would advertise his three-week field biology course in Puerto Rico to be held next January. And you know what? It worked: the field-based course in tropical biology – focusing on ecology, evolution, and conservation biology – will be offered for the first time in January 2013 during the UMass Boston winter session (and hopefully annually thereafter). More info here.
The University of Chicago Press has recently published another outstanding new book for comparative biologists. Charles Nunn‘s The Comparative Approach in Evolutionary Anthropology and Biology provides insightful reviews of methods for ancestral character reconstruction, phylogenetic tests for character correlation, phylogenetic diversification analyses, and many other topics. Nunn’s book seems well-suited to a broad range of readers. It seems tractable for novices (the second chapter explains what a phylogenetic tree is), and those with math anxiety won’t be deterred by dense discussions of mathematical or computational algorithms. At the same time, seasoned comparative biologists will likely appreciated Nunn’s fairly comprehensive coverage of alternative methods and their relative strengths and weaknesses. Although most of Nunn’s examples are from anthropology, the general lessons in this book are likely to be of interest to many anole biologists and the examples from anthropology are often insightful and thought provoking. To top it all off, the book is accompanied by really nice webpage called AnthroTree that features tutorials and worked examples.
As I photographed an A. carolinensis displaying high on a tree trunk, an A. sagrei popped out about 5 feet below and countered with a display. Before he could advance on the green anole male above, another male A. sagrei advanced to challenge. The two A. sagrei got in each other’s faces, but did not actually lock in combat. Suddenly the first A. sagrei broke off and advanced up the tree to confront the male green anole. There was a lot of counter displaying but not as fierce as just performed by the two brown anoles. Eventually the green male retreated further up the trunk, stopped to display once before disappearing around the other side.
Springer recently published a new and dramatically expanded version of Pardis’s book Analysis of Phylogenetics and Evolution with R. This book is a great way to teach yourself some of the amazing techniques available for phylogeneticists and comparative biologists via the R statistical computing environment. With 386 pages, the new edition is nearly twice as large as the previous version (211 pages). Countless new methods are covered, and many problems with the previous edition are remedied. In spite of the expansion and improvements, the sticker price is actually lower on the new edition ($65) than it was on the old edition ($75). You can pick up a copy for around $50 at places like Amazon.com. This book should be considered required reading for anyone doing modern phylogenetic and comparative analyses. If you need anoles to inspire an interest in learning R, I’ll be posting shortly on some R tutorials that use anoles as case studies.